What is Sap Hana Security?SAP HANA Security is protecting important data from unauthorized access and ensures that the standards and compliance meet as security standard adopted by the company.SAP HANA provides a facility i.e. Multitenant database, in which multiple databases can be created on single SAP HANA System. It is known as multitenant database container. Step 1) In this step,. Go to Security node in SAP HANA System.
Select Role Node (Right Click) and select New Role.Step 2) A role creation screen is displayed. Give Role name under New Role Block. Select Granted Role tab, and click '+' Icon to add Standard Role or exiting role. Select Desired role (e.g. MODELLING, MONITORING, etc.)STEP 3) In this step,.
Selected Role is added in Granted Roles Tab. Privileges can be assign to the user directly by selecting System Privileges, object Privileges, Analytic Privileges, Package Privileges, etc. Click on deploy icon to create Role.Tick option 'Grantable to other users and roles', if you want to assign this role to other user and role.3. Grant Role to UserSTEP 1) In this step, we will Assign Role 'MODELLINGVIEW' to another user 'ABHITEST'. Clip studio paint pro review.
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Go to User sub-node under Security node and double click it. User window will show. Click on Granted roles '+' Icon. A pop-up will appear, Search Role name which will be assign to the user.STEP 2) In this step, role 'MODELLINGVIEW' will be added under Role.STEP 3) In this step,. Click on Deploy Button. A Message ' User 'ABHITEST' changed is displayed.4.
Resetting User PasswordIf user password needs to reset, then go to User sub-node under Security node and double click it. User window will show.STEP 1) In this step,. Enter new password. Enter Confirm password.STEP 2) In this step. Click on Deploy Button. A message 'User 'ABHITEST' changed is displayed.5.
Re-Activate/De-activate UserGo to User sub-node under Security node and double click it. User window will show.There is De-Activate User icon. Click on itA confirmation message 'Popup' will appear.
Click on 'Yes' Button.A message 'User 'ABHITEST' deactivated' will be displayed. The De-Activate icon changes with name 'Activate user'.
Now we can activate user from the same icon.SAP HANA License ManagementThe license key is required to use SAP HANA Database. A license key can be installed and deleted using SAP HANA Studio, SAP HANA HDBSQL Command Line tool, and HANA SQL Query editor.SAP HANA database support two types of license key –. Permanent License Key: Permanent license keys are valid till expiration date. We need to request and apply license key before expire.
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If license key expires then Temporary License Key are is automatically installed for 28 days. Temporary License Key: This is automatically installed with a new SAP HANA Database Installation. It is valid for 90 days and later can apply for Permanent key from SAP.Authorization of License Management'LICENSE ADMIN' privileges are required for License Management. SAP HANA AuditingSAP HANA Auditing features allow you to monitor and record action which is performed in SAP HANA System. This features should be activated for the system before creating audit policy.Authorization for SAP HANA Auditing'AUDIT ADMIN' System Privileges required for SAP HANA Auditing.Summary:In this tutorial, we have learned following topic -.
SAP HANA Security overview. SAP HANA Authentication in detail. SAP HANA Authorization in detail. SAP HANA User Administration method. SAP HANA Role Administration method.
SAP HANA license Management process. SAP HANA Role Auditing Process.
Technical database users are used only for administrative purpose such as creating new objects in database, assigning privileges to other users, on packages, applications etc. SAP HANA User Administration ActivitiesDepending on business needs and configuration of HANA system, there are different user activities that can be performed using user administration tool like HANA studio.Most common activities include −. Create Users. Grant roles to users. Define and Create Roles.
Deleting Users. Resetting user passwords. Reactivating users after too many failed logon attempts. Deactivating users when it is requiredHow to create Users in HANA Studio?Only database users with the system privilege ROLE ADMIN are allowed to create users and roles in HANA studio. To create users and roles in HANA studio, go to HANA Administrator Console. You will see security tab in System view −When you expand security tab, it gives option of User and Roles. To create a new user right click on User and go to New User.
New window will open where you define User and User parameters.Enter User name (mandate) and in Authentication field enter password. Password is applied, while saving password for a new user. You can also choose to create a restricted user.The specified role name must not be identical to the name of an existing user or role. The password rules include a minimal password length and a definition of which character types (lower, upper, digit, special characters) have to be part of the password.Different Authorization methods can be configured like SAML, X509 certificates, SAP Logon ticket, etc. Users in the database can be authenticated by varying mechanisms −Internal authentication mechanism using a password.External mechanisms such as Kerberos, SAML, SAP Logon Ticket, SAP Assertion Ticket or X.509.A user can be authenticated by more than one mechanism at a time. However, only one password and one principal name for Kerberos can be valid at any one time.
One authentication mechanism has to be specified to allow the user to connect and work with the database instance.It also gives an option to define validity of user, you can mention validity interval by selecting the dates. Validity specification is an optional user parameter.Some users that are, by default, delivered with the SAP HANA database are − SYS, SYSTEM, SYSREPO, SYSSTATISTICS.Once this is done, the next step is to define privileges for user profile.
There are different types of privileges that can be added to a user profile. Granted Roles to a UserThis is used to add inbuilt SAP.HANA roles to user profile or to add custom roles created under Roles tab. Custom roles allow you to define roles as per access requirement and you can add these roles directly to user profile.
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This removes need to remember and add objects to a user profile every time for different access types.PUBLIC − This is Generic role and is assigned to all database users by default. This role contains read only access to system views and execute privileges for some procedures. These roles cannot be revoked. ModelingIt contains all privileges required for using the information modeler in the SAP HANA studio.
System PrivilegesThere are different types of System privileges that can be added to a user profile. To add a system privileges to a user profile, click on + sign.System privileges are used for Backup/Restore, User Administration, Instance start and stop, etc. Content AdminIt contains the similar privileges as that in MODELING role, but with the addition that this role is allowed to grant these privileges to other users. It also contains the repository privileges to work with imported objects. Data AdminThis is a type of privilege, required for adding Data from objects to user profile.Given below are common supported System Privileges − Attach DebuggerIt authorizes the debugging of a procedure call, called by a different user. Additionally, the DEBUG privilege for the corresponding procedure is needed.
Audit AdminControls the execution of the following auditing-related commands − CREATE AUDIT POLICY, DROP AUDIT POLICY and ALTER AUDIT POLICY and the changes of the auditing configuration. Also allows access to AUDITLOG system view. Audit OperatorIt authorizes the execution of the following command − ALTER SYSTEM CLEAR AUDIT LOG. Also allows access to AUDITLOG system view. Backup AdminIt authorizes BACKUP and RECOVERY commands for defining and initiating backup and recovery procedures. Backup OperatorIt authorizes the BACKUP command to initiate a backup process. Catalog ReadIt authorizes users to have unfiltered read-only access to all system views.
Normally, the content of these views is filtered based on the privileges of the accessing user. Create SchemaIt authorizes the creation of database schemas using the CREATE SCHEMA command.
By default, each user owns one schema, with this privilege the user is allowed to create additional schemas. CREATE STRUCTURED PRIVILEGEIt authorizes the creation of Structured Privileges (Analytical Privileges). Only the owner of an Analytical Privilege can further grant or revoke that privilege to other users or roles. Credential AdminIt authorizes the credential commands − CREATE/ALTER/DROP CREDENTIAL. Data AdminIt authorizes reading all data in the system views. It also enables execution of any Data Definition Language (DDL) commands in the SAP HANA databaseA user having this privilege cannot select or change data stored tables for which they do not have access privileges, but they can drop tables or modify table definitions. Database AdminIt authorizes all commands related to databases in a multi-database, such as CREATE, DROP, ALTER, RENAME, BACKUP, RECOVERY.
ExportIt authorizes export activity in the database via the EXPORT TABLE command.Note that beside this privilege the user requires the SELECT privilege on the source tables to be exported. ImportIt authorizes the import activity in the database using the IMPORT commands.Note that beside this privilege the user requires the INSERT privilege on the target tables to be imported. Inifile AdminIt authorizes changing of system settings. License AdminIt authorizes the SET SYSTEM LICENSE command install a new license.
Log AdminIt authorizes the ALTER SYSTEM LOGGING ON OFF commands to enable or disable the log flush mechanism. Monitor AdminIt authorizes the ALTER SYSTEM commands for EVENTs. Optimizer AdminIt authorizes the ALTER SYSTEM commands concerning SQL PLAN CACHE and ALTER SYSTEM UPDATE STATISTICS commands, which influence the behavior of the query optimizer.
Resource AdminThis privilege authorizes commands concerning system resources. For example, ALTER SYSTEM RECLAIM DATAVOLUME and ALTER SYSTEM RESET MONITORING VIEW. It also authorizes many of the commands available in the Management Console. Role AdminThis privilege authorizes the creation and deletion of roles using the CREATE ROLE and DROP ROLE commands. It also authorizes the granting and revocation of roles using the GRANT and REVOKE commands.Activated roles, meaning roles whose creator is the pre-defined user SYSREPO, can neither be granted to other roles or users nor dropped directly.
Not even users having ROLE ADMIN privilege are able to do so. Please check documentation concerning activated objects. Savepoint AdminIt authorizes the execution of a savepoint process using the ALTER SYSTEM SAVEPOINT command.Components of the SAP HANA database can create new system privileges. These privileges use the component-name as first identifier of the system privilege and the component-privilege-name as the second identifier. Object/SQL PrivilegesObject privileges are also known as SQL privileges.
Loading. Adding a SAP HANA Server Adding a SAP HANA ServerAdd a SAP HANA server to represent the SAP HANA database instances that you want to protect.Before You Begin. Determine how to connect to the database. If you want to use the SAP HANA Secure User Store,.For information on the SAP Secure User Store, go to the website, hdbuserstore. Install the SAP HANA agent on the physical hosts.
Based on personal experience, very few organizations have implemented a “best practices” security model to protect their SAP HANA system and data. I can only guess why this is the case. One thing that is clear is that most security teams struggle to understand how to develop roles blended with the various catalog, package, analytic, system and application privileges. This is understandable for a few reasons:.
The SAP HANA platform is more than just a database. Traditional DBAs are great at securing catalog objects but often they are not experienced with items such as application privileges and package privileges. Such privileges required some knowledge of SAP HANA application development environment based on the classic XSC engine and its repository. SAP HANA System Privileges require deep knowledge of the SAP HANA platform, its capabilities and how everything works together. System Privileges tie back to specific functionality within the platform. In some cases, that functionality is separated into tiers of System Privileges. Needless to say, it can be difficult to decipher even for experienced admins.
Teams great at managing SAP ABAP layer security are not an automatic best fit to manage SAP HANA platform security. Lets face it, its just very different. If you don’t understand the SAP HANA platform and have never worked in database security, you will likely face a steep learning curve. Often, an organization’s leaders give this task to their existing SAP security team without understanding just how different it is. As a result, the security model never really gets implemented correctly. Historically, the database running a SAP application was just a dumb box that only the application accessed.
Users never accessed it and most clients only used a single logon to administer that database. However, I would argue that this was never a best practice but a bad practice employed by too many organizations. All databases need a basic security model regardless of how they are used. Claim petition format in pdf. Auditors should be checking both the application server and database as both pose equal risk.While these items are understandable, most organizations are still obligated to secure their SAP HANA Platform and its data. With that in mind, below are a few recommended security settings that all organizations should have addressed in their SAP HANA platform. This is by no means a complete list, and organizations should consult their security teams when adopting any recommendations in this posting.
Password Authentication SettingsSAP HANA provides an internal user and password authentication mechanism. Any user with an enabled password should comply with industry and organization password standards, so now, let’s review recommendations related to standard user password policies and service accounts. Password LifetimePasswords should be configured so that they expire after a specified number of days; in SAP HANA, the default is 182 days. Depending on the required password complexity and length, this number might need to be changed.
For example, many organizations require passwords to expire every 90 days, because they only require eight characters and limited complexity. Consult with your organization’s security team for a policy appropriate for your situation.In addition to the maximum password lifetime, a minimum password lifetime should be implemented to prevent the user from conducting frequent, consecutive password changes. For example, a user might try to change his password several consecutive times, attempting to circumvent the password reuse policy. The default value of one day will generally discourage users from circumventing the reuse policy, but the value should be increased if users frequently abuse the policy. Password ComplexityPasswords should require a minimum number of character types to decrease the likelihood that both software programs and other users might guess them. By default, passwords require an uppercase letter, lowercase letter, and numeric digit in SAP HANA.
They also default to a minimum of eight characters in length. Organizations can increase the complexity requirement for passwords by requiring a special character in addition to the other character types. They can also increase the complexity by increasing the minimum number of required characters and preventing use of common dictionary words in passwords. Number of Reused PasswordsWhen changing passwords, based on the maximum lifetime, organizations should prevent users from reusing passwords for a time. The default value for SAP HANA is the five previous passwords. Multiply five times 182 days, and you’ll see that passwords can’t be reused for about 2.5 years by default in SAP HANA. This assumes that users don’t change their passwords before the expiration date.Organizations should review this setting and increase as needed based on the configured minimum and maximum password lifetime.
For example, many organizations increase this value to 12 previous passwords to reduce the likelihood that a password is compromised. Lockout PolicyWhen a password is entered incorrectly a specified number of times, the account should be locked out or restricted from use until the owner and administrator can review the cause.
SAP HANA defaults to a value of six invalid passwords before an account is locked out. In addition, SAP HANA defaults to 1440 minutes or one day until the system automatically removes the lockout.Organizations should review these default settings and implement a policy based on their security team’s requirements. For example, many organizations will increase the number of failed attempts from six to 10 but also force an account to remain locked out indefinitely. When locked out indefinitely, only the administrator can remove the account lockout condition. This forces the user and administrator to communicate about the cause of the lockout, helping identify instances in which someone else might be trying to guess the account password. Initial PasswordWhen an administrator creates an account for a user, she establishes an initial password. SAP HANA defaults to forcing a user to change this initial password the first time they log on.
An administrator should never know a user’s password in the long term. Therefore, it’s important that users change this password as soon as possible. SAP HANA also disables an account if this initial password isn’t changed within sevent days of its creation.These settings are very important, and the default values within SAP HANA are typically acceptable. However, organizations should consult their security policy team about their own required settings. For example, some organizations might increase the initial password lifetime if new users typically don’t access the system within the first 30 days of the account creation.
However, when increasing this policy setting, security administrators should choose an initial password that is unique for each user. This will reduce the likelihood of a new user account being compromised. Disable Password AuthenticationOrganizations that use third-party authentication, LDAP authentication and SSO with SAP HANA accounts don’t necessarily need password authentication enabled for a given user. The following SQL code will disable password authentication for a given user:ALTER USER DISABLE PASSWORD;Users configured with a SAML or Kerberos identity can still authenticate using a third-party authentication mechanism without the need to authenticate with SAP HANA via a password managed by SAP HANA. User configured for LDAP authentication can logon with their Active Directory or LDAP credentials. This methodology eliminates the need to manage passwords for a user.
Encrypting your SAP HANA Database and Data at RestSAP HANA 2.0 supports communication encryption, data volume encryption, log volume encryption and backup file encryption. Note: SAP HANA 1.0 only supports communication and data volume encryption. Encrypting communication protocols helps to protect information as it’s transmitted between a client application and the SAP HANA server.
Data at rest can be found in the “/hana/data”, “/hana/log” volumes and backup file locations. Data volume, log volume and backup media encryption protects the data from individuals with physical access to the SAP HANA file systems. When data this encryption is enabled, data can only be accessed through SAP HANA’s supported authentication and internal authorization mechanism.Communication encryption should be used anytime information travels over untrusted and insecure networks, which might include an organization’s internal network and definitely includes access over a public network (IE Cloud).
For example, if your SAP HANA system is hosted by a cloud provider, the communications protocols should be encrypted using Transport Layer Security (TLS), and clients should be required to connect using TLS.Data at rest encryption should be used if absolute control over the physical access to the SAP HANA server or storage is in question. For example, if the server’s data center is shared by multiple organizations or hosted with a cloud provider, then data at rest encryption is highly recommended.
Identifying Users with Elevated PrivilegesWhen implementing a security model, organizations should maintain a list of users that have been granted a high level of access to the SAP HANA system. The term high-level access loosely describes having privileges that are inherently risky for a user to possess.
Many of the system privileges within SAP HANA are inherently risky to grant to other users, and other types of privileges can also be risky. While they are risky, it is necessary for some users to have them at all times or at least on a per-request basis. However, they should scrutinize and frequently audit their system to ensure that users have the appropriate privileges based on their established job functions and based on the organization’s defined division of duties.You can easily identify users with high risk privileges by querying the SYS views or System metadata. For example, you can list users with risky System Privileges using the following example SQL: SELECT.
FROM SYS.EFFECTIVEPRIVILEGEGRANTEES WHERE OBJECTTYPE = 'SYSTEMPRIVILEGE' AND PRIVILEGE in ( 'INIFILE ADMIN', 'AUDIT OPERATOR', 'ROLE ADMIN', 'USER ADMIN', 'DATA ADMIN',) AND GRANTEE NOT IN ('SYSTEM','SYSREPO');You can craft other SQL statement against the SYS.EFFECTIVEPRIVILEGEGRANTEES to list other “risky” privileges and the user’s that possess them. Root Package PrivilegesWhen a grantee has root package privileges, he is assumed to have the granted privileges on all packages within the repository. It’s important to identify users with root package privileges that allow changes to the repository.
The following package privileges allow for changes to the repository:. EDITNATIVEOBJECTS. ACTIVATENATIVEOBJECTS. MAINTAINNATIVEPACKAGESThe REPO.READ privilege allows a user to view all repository objects without making changes.
At the root level, it should be limited to only grantees that need to view all repository objects. It’s best to limit who can see everything, because such information can be used to construct more sophisticated hacks.When a grantee has been granted root package privileges, those privileges will be assigned to a special package object named.REPOPACKAGEROOT. Privileges assigned to this object will be inherited by all packages and development artifacts within the repository.